-
1 простой катод
-
2 простой катод
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь Масловского > простой катод
-
3 катод
м. cathode -
4 простой катод
Engineering: pure cathode -
5 katoda metalowa jednorodna
• pure metal cathodeSłownik polsko-angielski dla inżynierów > katoda metalowa jednorodna
-
6 катод из чистого вольфрама
[lang name="Russian"]пятиокись вольфрама; вольфрам(оксид — tungsten pentoxide
[lang name="Russian"]двуокись вольфрама; вольфрама диоксид — tungsten dioxide
[lang name="Russian"]трехокись вольфрама; вольфрам(оксид — tungsten trioxide
Русско-английский научный словарь > катод из чистого вольфрама
-
7 катод
( в источниках тока) anode, cathode, negative electrode, ( диодного тиристора) cathode gate* * *като́д м.
cathodeактиви́ровать като́д ( электровакуумного прибора) — activate a cathode (of an electronic device)включа́ть в като́д жарг. — place [connect] in the cathode lead [in the cathode circuit]выгружа́ть като́д из ва́нны ( в электролитическом производстве меди) — draw a cathode from the (electrolytic) cellкато́д испуска́ет электро́ны — a cathode emits electronsобезга́живать като́д — exhaust a cathodeосажда́ться на като́де — deposit at a cathodeкато́д отравля́ется — the (oxide-coated) cathode is blacked outспека́ть като́д ( при изготовлении из порошкообразных материалов) — sinter a cathodeспрессо́вывать като́д ( при изготовлении из порошкообразных материалов) — compact a cathodeтренирова́ть като́д — age a cathodeба́риево-вольфра́мовый като́д — L-type [Lemmens] cathodeвиртуа́льный като́д — virtual cathodeвольфра́мовый като́д — tungsten cathodeвтори́чно-эмиссио́нный като́д — secondary-emission cathodeде́йствующий като́д — virtual cathodeкато́д дугово́го разря́да — arc cathodeдугово́й като́д — arc cathodeжи́дкий като́д — pool cathodeжидкометалли́ческий като́д — pool cathodeкарбиди́рованный като́д — tungsten-carbide cathodeкато́д ко́свенного нака́ла — heater [indirectly heated] cathodeле́нточный като́д — ribbon-type cathodeлучево́й като́д — beam cathodeлучеобразу́ющий като́д — beam-forming cathodeма́тричный като́д — matrix cathodeметаллопо́ристый като́д — dispenser cathodeокси́дный като́д — (oxide-)coated cathodeподогре́вный като́д — heater [indirectly heated] cathodeполупроводнико́вый като́д — oxide-coated cathodeполупрозра́чный като́д — translucent cathodeпросто́й като́д — pure (e. g., tungsten) cathodeкато́д прямо́го нака́ла — filamentary [directly heated] cathodeпусково́й като́д — starter cathodeраспределё́нный като́д ( в потенциалоскопах) — flood-gun cathodeрту́тный като́д — mercury-pool cathodeкато́д с запа́сом акти́вного вещества́ — dispenser cathodeкато́д с запрессо́ванным эми́ттером — pressed cathodeсло́жный като́д — activated cathodeтермоэлектро́нный като́д — thermionic [hot] cathodeкато́д тле́ющего разря́да — glow-discharge cathodeтори́рованный като́д — thoriated-tungsten cathodeто́чечный като́д — point cathodeтру́бчатый като́д — sleeve cathodeтунне́льный като́д — tunnel cathodeфотоэлектро́нный като́д — photoemissive cathode, photocathodeхоло́дный като́д — cold [field-emission] cathodeэквипотенциа́льный като́д — equipotential [unipotential] cathode -
8 en el mejor de los casos
at best————————at the very best* * *= at best, at most, ideally, in the best of circumstances, the best case scenario, at the most, at the best of times, at the very bestEx. Facet analysis in UDC is, at best, inconsistent.Ex. The genesis of this brave new world of solid state logic, in which bibliographic data are reduced to phantasmagoria on the faces of cathode-ray tubes (CRT), extends at most only three-quarters of a decade into the dim past.Ex. Ideally we would like both to maximise recall, or the number of relevant documents retrieved, at the same time ensuring that the documents retrieved all remain relevant.Ex. Virtually all SLIS have fewer staff than five years ago -- one or two fewer in the best of circumstances and ten or fifteen in the worst.Ex. The best case scenario predicts at least 4 emerging roles for librarians in school library media centres.Ex. The chemical systems described must be based on a small number of elements and composed of molecules having 8 atoms at the most.Ex. Finding books by subject in large libraries is a difficult task at the best of times.Ex. You only had to read the article to see that this was pure fabrication at the very best.* * *= at best, at most, ideally, in the best of circumstances, the best case scenario, at the most, at the best of times, at the very bestEx: Facet analysis in UDC is, at best, inconsistent.
Ex: The genesis of this brave new world of solid state logic, in which bibliographic data are reduced to phantasmagoria on the faces of cathode-ray tubes (CRT), extends at most only three-quarters of a decade into the dim past.Ex: Ideally we would like both to maximise recall, or the number of relevant documents retrieved, at the same time ensuring that the documents retrieved all remain relevant.Ex: Virtually all SLIS have fewer staff than five years ago -- one or two fewer in the best of circumstances and ten or fifteen in the worst.Ex: The best case scenario predicts at least 4 emerging roles for librarians in school library media centres.Ex: The chemical systems described must be based on a small number of elements and composed of molecules having 8 atoms at the most.Ex: Finding books by subject in large libraries is a difficult task at the best of times.Ex: You only had to read the article to see that this was pure fabrication at the very best. -
9 осаждаться на
•The vapour deposits on the face of the sand mould.
•The pure metal deposits at the cathode.
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > осаждаться на
-
10 катодная поляризация
1) Engineering: cathodic polarization2) Chemistry: chemically pure3) Polymers: cathode polarization4) Electrochemistry: cathodic polarisation, cathodizationУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > катодная поляризация
-
11 Hall, Charles Martin
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. 6 December 1863 Thompson, Ohio, USAd. 27 December 1914 USA[br]American metallurgist, inventor of the first feasible electrolytic process for the production of aluminium.[br]The son of a Congregationalist minister, Hall was educated at Oberlin College. There he was instructed in chemistry by Professor F.F.Jewett, a former student of the German chemist Friedrich Wöhler, who encouraged Hall to believe that there was a need for a cheap process for the manufacture of aluminium. After graduating in 1885, Hall set to work in his private laboratory exploring the method of fused salt electrolysis. On Wednesday 10 February 1886 he found that alumina dissolved in fused cryolite "like sugar in water", and that the bath so produced was a good conductor of electricity. He contained the solution in a pure graphite crucible which also acted as an efficient cathode, and by 16 February 1886 had produced the first globules of metallic aluminium. With two backers, Hall was able to complete his experiments and establish a small pilot plant in Boston, but they withdrew after the US Patent Examiners reported that Hall's invention had been anticipated by a French patent, filed by Paul Toussaint Héroult in April 1886. Although Hall had not filed until July 1886, he was permitted to testify that his invention had been completed by 16 February 1886 and on 2 April 1889 he was granted a seventeen-year monopoly in the United States. Hall now had the support of Captain A.E. Hunt of the Pittsburgh Testing Institute who provided the capital for establishing the Pittsburgh Reduction Company, which by 1889 was selling aluminium at $1 per pound compared to the $15 for sodium-reduced aluminium. Further capital was provided by the banker Andrew Mellon (1855–1937). Hall then turned his attention to Britain and began negotiations with Johnson Matthey, who provided land on a site at Patricroft near Manchester. Here the Aluminium Syndicate, owned by the Pittsburgh Reduction Company, began to produce aluminium in July 1890. By this time the validity of Hall's patent was being strongly contested by Héroult and also by the Cowles brothers, who attempted to operate the Hall process in the United States. Hall successfully sued them for infringement, and was confirmed in his patent rights by the celebrated ruling in 1893 of William Howard Taft, subsequently President of the USA. In 1895 Hall's company changed its name to the Pittsburgh Aluminium Company and moved to Niagara Falls, where cheap electrical power was available. In 1903 a legal compromise ended the litigation between the Hall and Héroult organizations. The American rights in the invention were awarded to Hall, and the European to Héroult. The Pittsburgh Aluminium Company became the Aluminium Company of America on 1 January 1907. On his death he left his estate, worth about $45 million, for the advancement of education.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsChemical Society, London, Perkin Medal 1911.Further ReadingH.N.Holmes, 1930, "The story of aluminium", Journal of Chemical Education. E.F.Smith, 1914, Chemistry in America.ASD -
12 Héroult, Paul Louis Toussaint
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. 1863 Thury-Harcourt, Caen, Franced. 9 May 1914 Antibes, France[br]French metallurigst, inventor of the process of aluminium reduction by electrolysis.[br]Paul Héroult, the son of a tanner, at the age of 16, while still at school in Caen, read Deville's book on aluminium and became obsessed with the idea of developing a cheap way of producing this metal. After his family moved to Gentillysur-Bièvre he studied at the Ecole Sainte-Barbe in Paris and then returned to Caen to work in the laboratory of his father's tannery. His first patent, filed in February and granted on 23 April 1886, described an invention almost identical to that of C.M. Hall: "the electrolysis of alumina dissolved in molten cryolite into which the current is introduced through suitable electrodes. The cryolite is not consumed." Early in 1887 Héroult attempted to obtain the support of Alfred Rangod Pechiney, the proprietor of the works at Salindres where Deville's process for making sodium-reduced aluminium was still being operated. Pechiney persuaded Héroult to modify his electrolytic process by using a cathode of molten copper, thus making it possible produce aluminium bronze rather than pure aluminium. Héroult then approached the Swiss firm J.G.Nehe Söhne, ironmasters, whose works at the Falls of Schaffhausen obtained power from the Rhine. They were looking for a new metallurgical process requiring large quantities of cheap hydroelectric power and Héroult's process seemed suitable. In 1887 they established the Société Metallurgique Suisse to test Héroult's process. Héroult became Technical Director and went to the USA to defend his patents against those of Hall. During his absence the Schaffhausen trials were successfully completed, and on 18 November 1888 the Société Metallurgique combined with the German AEG group, Oerlikon and Escher Wyss, to establish the Aluminium Industrie Aktiengesellschaft Neuhausen. In the early electrolytic baths it was occasionally found that arcs between the bath surface and electrode could develop if the electrodes were inadvertently raised. From this observation, Héroult and M.Killiani developed the electric arc furnace. In this, arcs were intentionally formed between the surface of the charge and several electrodes, each connected to a different pole of the AC supply. This furnace, the prototype of the modern electric steel furnace, was first used for the direct reduction of iron ore at La Praz in 1903. This work was undertaken for the Canadian Government, for whom Héroult subsequently designed a 5,000-amp single-phase furnace which was installed and tested at Sault-Sainte-Marie in Ontario and successfully used for smelting magnetite ore.[br]Further ReadingAluminium Industrie Aktiengesellschaft Neuhausen, 1938, The History of the Aluminium-Industrie-Aktien-Gesellschaft Neuhausen 1888–1938, 2 vols, Neuhausen.C.J.Gignoux, Histoire d'une entreprise française. "The Hall-Héroult affair", 1961, Metal Bulletin (14 April):1–4.ASDBiographical history of technology > Héroult, Paul Louis Toussaint
См. также в других словарях:
Cathode — Diagram of a copper cathode in a galvanic cell (e.g., a battery). A positive current i flows out of the cathode (CCD mnemonic: Cathode Current Departs). A cathode is an electrode through which electric current flows out of a polarized electrical… … Wikipedia
Cathode ray tube — Cutaway rendering of a color CRT: 1. Three Electron guns (for red, green, and blue phosphor dots) 2. Electron beams 3. Focusing coils 4. Deflection coils 5. Anode connection 6. Mask for separating beams for red,… … Wikipedia
Eau pure — Molécule d eau Pour les articles homonymes, voir eau (homonymie). Article principal : eau. Eau … Wikipédia en Français
Hot cathode — is also a name for a hot filament ionization gauge, a vacuum measuring device.In vacuum tubes, a hot cathode is a cathode electrode which emits electrons due to thermionic emission. ( Cf. cold cathodes, where field emission is used and which do… … Wikipedia
Light gun — A light gun is a pointing device for computers and a control device for arcade and video games. The first light guns appeared in the 1930s, following the development of light sensing vacuum tubes. It was not long before the technology began… … Wikipedia
Fuel cell — For other uses, see Fuel cell (disambiguation). Demonstration model of a direct methanol fuel cell. The actual fuel cell stack is the layered cube shape in the center of the image A fuel cell is a device that converts the chemical energy from a… … Wikipedia
Electrolysis of water — is the decomposition of water (H2O) into oxygen (O2) and hydrogen gas (H2) due to an electric current being passed through the water. Simple setup for demonstration of electrolysis of water at home. Contents … Wikipedia
metallurgy — metallurgic, metallurgical, adj. metallurgically, adv. metallurgist /met l err jist/ or, esp. Brit., /meuh tal euhr jist/, n. /met l err jee/ or, esp. Brit., /meuh tal euhr jee/, n. 1. the technique or science of working or heating metals so as… … Universalium
Valve audio amplifier - technical — Circuitry and performance Characteristics of valves Valves are very high input impedance (near infinite in most circuits) and high output impedance devices. They are also high voltage / low current devices.While valves themselves are described… … Wikipedia
Gas-filled tube — See also: Gas discharge lamp A gas filled tube, also known as a discharge tube, is an arrangement of electrodes in a gas within an insulating, temperature resistant envelope. Although the envelope is typically glass, power tubes often use… … Wikipedia
spectroscopy — spectroscopist /spek tros keuh pist/, n. /spek tros keuh pee, spek treuh skoh pee/, n. the science that deals with the use of the spectroscope and with spectrum analysis. [1865 70; SPECTRO + SCOPY] * * * Branch of analysis devoted to identifying… … Universalium